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Answer:
A Sahaabi
(Companion) is the one "who has met the Prophet -peace and blessings be
upon him- and died in a state of Iman (Faith)."
Meanwhile, those whom you mentioned have apostatized for they refused to
pay Zakaah after the Messenger of Allah passed away -may Allah's peace and
blessings be upon him.
The issue of Zakaah is of great importance: there is not even one verse in
the Quran that mentions Salaah without pairing it with Zakaah. This is why
Abu Bakr said: "I shall fight those who separated Salaah from Zakaah."
Maalek ibn al-Nuwayrah and his comapanions refused to give the Zakaah even
though they were Muslims. Fighting them was necessary in accordance with
the Islamic Punishment (Hadd). Also, if their rejection sprang from their
denial to it being a duty after the passing of the Messenger of Allah,
then they are to be fought due to their apostasy. Hence, in both cases
they were to be fought.
We want you to read the story of Maalek ibn al-Nuwayrah on this link:
http://www.ansar.org/english/q&a.htm
Then you may comprehend the dimensions of this issue.
But, what can we do about those who argue in defense of people classified
as 'apostates' and seek to explain their stances(!), saying that their
agreement to stop paying Zakaah does not mean they apostatized?! This is
while they do not feel any shame in aiming arrows to Abu Bakr and the
Sahaabah (Companions) who advocated Islam and remained firm on the
religion of Allah after many people relinquished it. The shia later
slandered them, claimed they apostatized and favored disbelief! All this
just because they did not grant the Caliphate to Ali!!
Those apologetic people are not just unaware of the greatness of the duty
of giving Zakaah, which Allah pairs constantly with Salaah in the Qur'aan!
They are also unaware of the sayings of Ahlul Bait which clearly explains
that what Abu Bakr did with those who abstained from paying Zakaah was
absolutely right, that this deed of his testified to his vast knowledge
-may Allah be pleased with him.
al-Kulaynee narrated in 'al-Kaafee', on the authority of Abu Abdullaah
-peace be upon him, that he said: "whosoever refuses to pay a carat of due
Zakaah is neither a Believer nor a Muslim. This is the saying of Allah
-azza wa jall: *(O my Lord! send me back (to life), in order that I may
work righteousness in the things I neglected (23:99-100))*". In another
narration: "no Salaah is accepted from him (the abstainer of giving
Zakkah."(1)
Also, on the authority of Abu Abdullaah -peace be upon him, that he said:
"whosoever refuses to pay a carat of due Zakaah, then God-willing he will
die as a Jew or as a Christian."(2)
Also, on the authority of Abu Ja'far -peace be upon him, that he said:
"Allah -azza wa jall- paired Zakaah with Salaah; He said: *(And be
steadfast in prayer, give Zakaah (2/43))*, so whoever establishes Salaah
and does not give Zakaah, he has not established Salaah!"(3)
So, where is Al-Tijani, Sharafuddeen al-Mousawee, etc., of the imams and
scholars of Shee'ah, who continue to chant the issue of fighting those who
refuses to pay the due Zakaah, attempting to make them look innocent,
while hurling falsehood and accusations of apostasy on Abu Bakr and the
Sahaabah. Where are these specimens from those clear sayings? Moreover,
Ali stood firmly beside the rightly-guided Caliph, Abu Bakr al-Siddeeq,
during that crisis?!!
Abu Bakr, that man who lived for a great cause (Islam) which was his top
preoccupation, Ibn Shahrashoub says in his book 'Mutashaabeh al-Qur'aan'
when explaining the saying of Allah -azza wa jall: *(Bow down, prostrate
yourselves (22:77))*. So, this is a general saying, for all situations,
including the prostrating to thank Allaah after praying; the Prophet -may
Allah's peace and blessings be upon him- prostrated (to thank Allah) when
Abu Jahl's head was brought to him, and Ali (alayhis salaam) prostrated
when they found the man with the breasts (whom the Prophet described and
prophesied will be amongst the casualties of that battle), and Abu Bakr
prostrated when the news of conquering al-Yamaamah and killing Musaylamah
reached him."(4)
A man prostrating to thank Allah, delighted by Islam's victory and the
destruction of prophecy-claimer, Musaylamah, but he was still accused of
apostasy and favoring disbelief!! His honor, faith, and everything were
also accused!!
With regard to the faith-established motto under the slogan of which the
Sahaabah fought Musaylamah and those with him, al-Nooree al-Tubrusee
mentions in (Mustadrak al-Wasaa'el, 11/113), on the authority of Imaam
Alee ibnul Hussein, that he said: "the motto of the companions of the
Messenger of Allah -may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him- the day
they fought Musaylamah was: 'O people of Surat al-Baqarah'".
What a great motto!! Great are these men!
O reader, these excerpts I brought to your attention, which testified to
the whole-hearted devotion of these men to advocate this religion, on top
of whom was the rightly-guided Caliph, Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq, these excerpts
are but facts written down in the books of Twelver Shee'ah themselves!!
So, what if I referred you to what the books of Ahlus Sunnah mention about
these events??
When one comprehends this truth, he surely detects the misguidance being
uttered by those who slander the companions of the Messenger of Allaah,
and make symbols of disbelief, apostasy, and hypocrisy of those who
struggled in the path of raising this religion!!
This was why Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Alee respected Abu Bakr a lot, for
his great rank in Islaam.
al-Arbalee, one of the great Shee'ah scholars, mentions in his book (Kashf
al-Ghummah fee Ma'refat al-A'emmah), on the authority of Urwah ibn
Abdullaah, that he said: "I asked Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali (alayhis
salaam) about adorning the swords, so he said: nothing is wrong about it:
Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq -may Allaah be pleased with him- adorned his sword. I
said: do you say 'al-Siddeeq'?! He said: He got up and took the direction
of the Qiblah and said: yes, as-Siddeeq! Yes, as-Siddeeq! Yes!! He who
does not call him 'as-Siddeeq', may Allaah not take a word for truth from
him, neither in this World nor in the Hereafter!"(5)
May Allaah be Merciful with Imaam Abu Ja'far, and may He have mercy upon
his words, which ancient books contained, but today's consciences would
not utter!
Brother, you asked whether the Companions killed Uthman or not.
Be assured brother that there is not even one Companion contributed to the
murder of Uthman
There is no authentic report to say otherwise. You will find none.
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(1) al-Kaafee, 3/503.
(2) al-Kaafee, 3/505.
(3) al-Kaafee, 3/506.
(4) Mutashaabeh al-Qur'aan, 2/173.
(5) Kashf al-Ghummah, 2/360.
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